
Resources · Healthcare & Life Sciences
Trust in Clinical AI
The research behind the healthcare keynote. What is actually authorized, what the evidence does and does not show, and who is accountable when a model is wrong.
Updated September 2026
What is actually approved
US Food and Drug Administration · updated continuouslyAI-Enabled Medical Device List→medRxiv · 2026 · 1,430 devices analyzed; radiology accounts for 76.5%Three decades of FDA authorizations: persistent specialty concentration and the care-delivery gap, 1995–2025→Bipartisan Policy Center · 2025FDA oversight: understanding the regulation of health AI tools→
Where the evidence is thin
PMC · under 4% of authorized devices report the race or ethnicity of their validation cohortsMachine learning-enabled devices authorized in 2024: regulatory characteristics, predicate lineage, and transparency reporting→Obermeyer, Powers, Vogeli & Mullainathan · Science · 2019Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations→Celi et al · PLOS Digital Health · 2022Sources of bias in artificial intelligence that perpetuate healthcare disparities: a global review→
Governance and accountability
World Health Organization · January 2024 · over 40 recommendationsEthics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: guidance on large multi-modal models→Meskó & Topol · npj Digital Medicine · 2023The imperative for regulatory oversight of large language models in healthcare→Zack et al · The Lancet Digital Health · 2024Assessing the potential of GPT-4 to perpetuate racial and gender biases in health care→

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